The hamstring muscle group consists of the medially located semimembranosus and semitendinosus and the laterally located biceps femoris. Gastrocnemius and the hamstring complex are two sets of muscles important in posterior knee anatomy. Examples of passive stabilizers include the medial collateral ligament (MCL), lateral collateral ligament (LCL), anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), while examples of active stabilizers consist of the hamstrings, extensor mechanisms, and the popliteus muscle. These include both passive and active stabilizers. There is a complicated network of muscles, ligaments, and other soft tissues around the knee that contributes to the structure and support of the joint. The anatomy of the knee is important when evaluating posterior knee pain. A precise understanding of knee anatomy, the physical examination and of the differential diagnosis is needed to accurately evaluate and treat posterior knee pain. Pain or swelling in the popliteal area suggests an effusion or cyst. Tenderness of palpation over the tendons or muscles in the back of the knee can indicate muscle or tendon injury. Also tumours, such as a begin tumour that contains both bone and cartilage and usually occurs near the end of a long bone (osteochondroma) or bony tumours. Less common are neurologic and vascular injuries. The differential diagnoses for posterior knee pain include pathology to the bones, musculotendinous structures, ligaments, and/or to the bursas. Posterior knee pain is a common patient complaint. Knee pain is more common in the anterior, medial, and lateral aspect of the knee than in the posterior aspect of the knee. 4 Clinical presentation/Characteristicsĭescription/ definition.
3.1 Tendinopathy and muscle complex injuries.
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